基于遥感的江苏省大陆岸线岸滩时空演变   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈玮彤  张东  崔丹丹  吕林  谢伟军  施顺杰  侯泽宇 《地理学报》2018,73(7):1365-1380

基于江苏省1984-2016年61景多源遥感影像数据和部分实测潮位、坡度数据,利用遥感技术结合改进的水边线方法提取了多时相的海岸线和平均大潮低潮线,研究了江苏省绣针河口至连兴河口大陆岸线岸滩的时空演变特征。结果表明：1984-2016年,由于海岸带开发,江苏省的海岸线整体以向海推进为主,自然岸线由458.24 km逐渐减少至166.74 km,人工岸线由163.66 km快速增加至598.74 km,大陆岸线长度由621.90 km增加至765.48 km。发生位置和长度变化的岸段中,淤长岸段长127.62 km,年均向海推进83.03 m;围垦岸段长401.21 km,年均向海推进87.63 m;冲刷岸段长71.17 km,年均离海后退10.81 m;围垦被侵蚀岸段长25.95 km,年均离海后退8.64 m。海岸线的空间变化导致江苏省沿海陆地面积净增加104332 hm²,其中由于围垦增加的陆地面积98520 hm²,围垦是陆地面积增加的主要原因。海岸线的离海后退主要发生在废黄河三角洲岸段,但是到2008-2016年,岸线的侵蚀范围已向南扩大至新洋河口至斗龙港岸段。受围垦活动及岸线侵蚀影响,江苏省潮间带坡度不断变陡,统计断面的平均坡度由1.4‰增加至1.9‰,其中废黄河三角洲岸段的中山河口至扁担河口岸段坡度最陡,基本在3~14‰之间;辐射沙洲陆岸岸段坡度最为平缓,但坡度也在逐渐陡化,由0.9‰增加至1.5‰。潮间带面积由271747 hm²减少至168645 hm²,减幅38%;潮间带平均宽度由5064 m减少至3096 m,减幅39%。  相似文献   

中国海南：从经济特区到综合复合型自由贸易港的嬗变     

孟广文  杨开忠  朱福林  毛艳华  曾智华  董晓峰 《地理研究》2018,37(12):2363-2382

海南自由贸易试验区与自由贸易港规划建设不仅是海南发展的需要,也是中国深化改革,扩大开放,实现经济转型以及应对国际竞争与挑战的重要措施与战略部署。相关研究就海南自由贸易试验区建设的必要性、可行性、模式与实施对策进行了初步分析。为构建自由贸易区的学术研究体系,完善海南自由贸易港规划建设的理论与实践,集中几位长期从事相关研究的地理、经济与规划学者,就海南自由贸易港的类型与功能、产业发展、空间结构、政策与监管以及风险防控等方面进行探讨,以期引起决策者与学术界的深入研究与探讨。  相似文献   

京津冀国家级经开区地位作用评估     

鲁继通 《地理科学》2018,38(1):78-86

从科技引领、产业支撑、经济带动3个维度构建京津冀国家级经开区地位作用的指标评估系统,运用全排列多边形综合图示法,测度2011~2014年京津冀13个国家级经开区的地位作用及演化趋势。研究表明,京津冀各经开区发展不断优化,逐步进入“深度调整、转型升级”的新阶段;各经开区发展各有千秋、各有短板,初步形成“差异化、非均衡化”的发展格局;各经开区发展差距逐渐缩小,初步呈现“全面崛起、协同并进”发展趋势;各经开区发展指数和位序将会不断调整,但总体发展格局不会太大改变。研究发现,京津冀经开区也面临一些突出问题,如资源集约利用不高,产业转型升级缓慢,企业创新动能不足,区域发展差距悬殊。为此,应激活企业创新活力,增强科技引领能力;促进产业集群集约发展,加快经开区转型升级;培育经济增长新动力,发挥区域带动作用。  相似文献   

新疆孔雀河流域人工绿洲近40年土地利用/覆被变化     

张军峰  孟凡浩  包安明  李长春  齐修东  刘铁  张鹏飞 《中国沙漠》2018,38(3):664-672

区域尺度土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）时空特征及驱动力是研究大尺度变化乃至全球变化演变过程的基础,而干旱区LUCC对区域水文、生态影响尤为显著,是全球变化研究的重点之一。以新疆孔雀河流域上游作为研究区,基于1977-2015年6期Landsat数据,采用多规则人机交互目视解译的方法完成LUCC制图,并利用LUCC模型从数量变化、空间变化、土地利用集约程度变化等多方面分析了近40年来该区域LUCC特点及演变机制。结果表明：（1）研究区仅有耕地和建设用地面积增加,且增幅均在200%以上,其他土地类型面积则均有不同程度的减少;（2）耕地变化呈现出空间集聚现象,而建设用地的扩张则呈现空间连续性;（3）2000年前后自然植被经历小幅退化—恢复过程;（4）受西部大开发、塔里木河生态综合治理工程等多种因素影响,2000-2005年间,空间变化的综合动态度最高（2.76%）;（5）自然因素影响较小,人口增长和政策因素是主要驱动因子。  相似文献   

A modelling study of ecosystem dynamics and nutrient cycling in the Humber plume, UK     

J. I. Allen   《Journal of Sea Research》1997,38(3-4)

The European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) has been coupled with a two-dimensional depth-averaged transport model of the Humber plume region and run to simulate 1988–1989. Simulations of the spatial and temporal variations in chlorophyll-a, nitrate, phosphate and suspended particulate matter distributions in winter, spring and summer show how the development of the spring bloom and subsequent maintenance of primary production is controlled by the physicochemical environment of the plume zone. Results are also shown for two stations, one characterised by the high nutrient and suspended matter concentrations of the plume and the other by the relatively low nutrient and sediment concentrations of the offshore waters. The modelled net primary production at the plume site was 105 g C m⁻² a⁻¹ and 127 g C m⁻² a⁻¹ offshore. Primary production was controlled by light limitation between October and March and by the availability of nutrients during the rest of the year. The phytoplankton nutrient demand is met by in-situ recycling processes during the summer. The likely effect of increasing and decreasing anthropogenic riverine inputs of nitrate and phosphate upon ecosystem function was also investigated. Modelling experiments indicate that increasing the nitrogen to silicate ratio in freshwater inputs increased the production of non-siliceous phytoplankton in the plume. The results of this model have been used to calculate the annual and quarterly mass balances describing the usage of inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and silicate within the plume zone for the period of the NERC North Sea survey (September 1988 to October 1989). The modelled Humber plume retains 3.9% of the freshwater dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 2.2% of the freshwater phosphate and 1.3% of the freshwater silicate input over the simulated seasonal cycle. The remainder is transported into the southern North Sea in either dissolved or particulate form. The reliability of these results is discussed.  相似文献   

A Sensitivity Analysis of the Waterline Method of Constructing a Digital Elevation Model for Intertidal Areas in ERS SAR scene of Eastern England   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D. C. Mason  I. J. Davenport  R. A. Flather  C. Gurney  G. J. Robinson  J. A. Smith 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2001,53(6):759

A sensitivity analysis of the waterline method of constructing a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of an intertidal zone using remote sensing and hydrodynamic modelling is described. Variation in vertical height accuracy as a function of beach slope is investigated using a set of nine ERS Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of the Humber/Wash area on the English east coast acquired between 1992 and 1994. Waterlines from these images are heighted using a hydrodynamic tide-surge model and interpolated using block kriging. On 1:500 slope beaches, an average block height estimation standard deviation of 18–22 cm is achieved. This rises to 27 cm on 1:100 slope beaches, and 32 cm on 1:30 slope beaches. The average heighting error at different slopes is decomposed into components due to waterline heighting error, inadequate sensor resolution and interpolation inaccuracy. It is shown that, at 1:500 slope, waterline heighting error and interpolation inaccuracy are the main error sources, whilst at 1:30 slope, errors due to inadequate sensor resolution become dominant. The ability of the technique to generate intertidal DEMs for almost the entire coastal zone in a complete ERS SAR scene covering 100×100 km is demonstrated.  相似文献   

Quantizing and analyzing the feature information of coastal zone based on high-resolution remote sensing image     

YANG Xiaomei  LAN Rongqin  LUO Jiancheng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(6):33-42

1Introduction With the development and application of remotesensing technology, people fromthe international re-mote sensing community have realized the issue thatwe have immoderately emphasized characteristics ofvast volume data and great detail of remot…  相似文献   

Factors influencing the oxidation,reduction, methylation and demethylation of mercury species in coastal waters     

Lindsay Whalin  Eun-Hee Kim  Robert Mason 《Marine Chemistry》2007

The objective of this study was to examine the redox reactions and other transformations of mercury (Hg) species in surface waters, and the factors determining the rates of these reactions. For the redox studies completed at the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory (CBL), two isotopes (¹⁹⁹Hg^II and ²⁰²Hg⁰) were added into different types of filtered water (fresh to seawater) to examine the oxidation and reduction reactions. Further studies of both the redox reactions and methylation/demethylation reactions of Hg were conducted with unfiltered water on board research vessels during cruises in May and July 2005 on the Chesapeake Bay and shelf. While CH₃¹⁹⁹Hg^II was added to allow the examination of demethylation, ²⁰¹Hg^II was used to examine both reduction and methylation, and ²⁰²Hg⁰ was used to examine oxidation. Overall, the results showed that both Hg oxidation and reduction were simultaneously occurring and were photochemically mediated in the waters investigated. In contrast to the previously assumed “unreactive” nature of Hg⁰, the studies found that the magnitude of the rate constant for Hg⁰ oxidation was greater than that for reduction, indicating its importance in estuarine and coastal waters. In addition, both experiments at CBL and on board ship showed that Hg^II reduction was similar in magnitude, suggesting that biotic processes were relatively unimportant. While no measurable methylation occurred during the incubation period during the on board studies, concentration of CH₃¹⁹⁹Hg^II decreased over the time during the experiments. It appeared that the demethylation processes were not dominantly photochemically driven, but could be microbially mediated. Further studies are needed in order to help better understand Hg redox and transformations in natural water systems.  相似文献   

经济手段在海岸带环境管理中的应用     

顾红卫  朱民 《海岸工程》2007,26(2):47-52

简要阐述了环境经济学的基本理论,并以青岛为例,分析了海岸带环境管理现状和现行经济手段存在的问题,提出了运用经济手段加强海岸带环境管理的建议。  相似文献   

CC区多金属结核分布特征及其与地质地理环境因素之间的关系   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

潘国富  华祖根 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(4):405-413

根据１９８７、１９８８、１９９０年东北赤道太平洋ＣＣ区的３个航次多金属结核调查资料的统计分析，结果表明，ＣＣ区自西向东，从北向南，多金属结核丰度，覆盖率、形态、粒径和化学组分等具明显的区域分布规律，但在这一区域性分布背景上，结核的局部分布很复杂。  相似文献